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 Climate change is a pressing issue that is affecting countries worldwide, including Pakistan. The country, situated in the semi-arid region of South Asia, is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to its geographic location, high population density, and limited resources. The effects of climate change in Pakistan are already being felt and are expected to worsen in the coming years. This article will explore the impacts of climate change in Pakistan and measures that can be taken to respond and mitigate the risk and challenges posed by it. Water resources in Pakistan are increasingly being affected by climate change. The changing patterns of precipitation, temperature, and evaporation are leading to changes in the availability of water in the country. The melting of glaciers in the Himalayas, which are a major source of water for the Indus River, is also affecting water resources in Pakistan. To increase the resilience of water resources, measures such as inc...

  Objectives: Introduction to the conflict Impact on Regional Geopolitics of South Asia Impact on future Warfare South Asia Armenia-Azerbaijan: Why did Nagorno-Karabakh spark a conflict? Nagorno-Karabakh is part of Azerbaijan, but its population is majority Armenian. As the Soviet Union saw increasing tensions in its constituent republics in the 1980s, Nagorno-Karabakh voted to become part of Armenia - sparking a war that stopped with a ceasefire in 1994. Since then, Nagorno-Karabakh has remained part of Azerbaijan but is controlled by separatist ethnic Armenians backed by the Armenian government. Until recently, negotiations mediated by international powers had failed to deliver a peace agreement. Armenia is majority Christian while Azerbaijan is majority Muslim. Turkey has close ties to Azerbaijan, while Russia is allied with Armenia - although it also has good relations with Azerbaijan. A peace deal has been agreed between Armenia and Azerbaijan, two former Soviet Union republic...

  The end of the Cold War and the subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union signified an unexpected and dramatic shift in the analysis of international relations. Hobsbawm (1994:559) noted, “For the first time in two centuries, the world of the 1990s entirely lacked any international system or structure”. Unbridled bloody ethnic conflicts; the pursuance of nuclear weapons programmes by rogue states; and the harrowing global realities revealed in a 1994 UN Human Security report—generated feelings of a post Cold War disorder. Enough so, that US President Bill Clinton famously asserted “Gosh! I miss the Cold War” (White 1998:256). Building on this, the report will critically evaluate Realism, Liberalism, Marxism and Constructivism through a lens of power; concluding neorealism possesses a pragmatic approach under which the varying concepts of power can be related back to. All politics is a struggle for power that is “inseparable from social life itself” thus, international pol...

 Liberalism is a philosophical, political and economic theory, and ideology that emanates from the position that individual freedoms are the legal basis of society and economic order. The ideal of liberalism is a society with freedom of action for everyone, free exchange of politically sensitive information, limiting the power of church and state, rule of law, private property, and freedom of private enterprise.  Liberalism rejected many of the provisions that were the basis of previous theories of the state, such as the divine right of kings to rule and the role of religion as the sole source of knowledge. Fundamental principles of liberalism include the recognition: of data on the nature of natural rights (including the right to life, liberty, and property), as well as other civil rights; equity and equality before the law; market economy; government’s responsibility and transparency of government. The function of the government is reduced to the minimum necessary to...

  Constructivism is the theory that says learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in information. As people experience the world and reflect upon those experiences, they build their own representations and incorporate new information into their pre-existing knowledge (schemas). Constructivism is an important learning theory that educators use to help their students learn. Constructivism is based on the idea that people actively construct or make their own knowledge, and that reality is determined by your experiences as a learner. Basically, learners use their previous knowledge as a foundation and build on it with new things that they learn. So everyone's individual experiences make their learning unique to them. Constructivism is crucial to understand as an educator because it influences the way all of your students learn. Teachers and instructors that understand the constructivist learning theory understand that their students bring their own unique e...

  Report writing: - A  report  is  written  for a clear purpose and to a particular subject. Specific information and evidence are presented, analysed and applied to a particular problem or issue which is been studied. SIGNIFICANCE OF REPORT WRITING     :- Ø   Research report is been considered as the major component for the research study. Research task is been incomplete till the report is been written or presented. Ø   As a matter of fact it must be most brilliant hypothesis ,highly well designed and conducted research study   and find must have a little values unless they are effectively communicated to others . Ø   The purpose of report is not well served till the findings are known to all. Ø   All this explains the significance of writing research report. Ø   There are some person who do not consider a writing of report as an integral part of research process. Ø   But the general opinion is i...